Subject |
see |
build nest of |
have name in French |
chew |
like |
make trails with |
has part |
introduce in |
call |
be most active at |
mark territory with |
be the same size as |
babysit |
be ferocious |
catches |
kill by |
have scientific name |
use by |
moult in |
help |
sleep |
be twice the size of |
have colour |
sharpen |
live in |
live |
be hunted with |
be sexually inactive during |
stay underwater for |
kill prey by |
be trapped for |
be more carnivorous than |
have distribution |
run |
be secretive |
travel |
have population density |
become very fat in |
be not agile |
weigh |
eat by |
have temperament |
be intelligent |
breed successfully |
keep |
line den with |
stalk |
dig |
slide on |
be moderately sociable |
look after |
breed with |
hunt on |
have lifespan |
have good sense of touch |
scavenge |
have population |
moult between |
hunt by |
be important to |
dive |
fight courageously |
be aquatic |
eat |
be monogamous |
have poor sense of smell |
trap for |
make sound |
be curious |
be active |
be extremely wary of |
fight with |
travel along |
swim by |
have subspecies |
chase away |
shed |
reach sexual maturity by |
have den |
depend on |
have Family name |
have habitat |
swim at |
consume |
become dormant in |
make nest of |
use set trails |
spray |
communicate with |
be good parent |
be smaller than |
be rare |
be diurnal |
rely on |
have height |
have Order name |
be sensitive to |
is a kind of |
moult during |
mate for |
store |
moult |
kill |
line burrow with |
have range |
have breeding season |
meet |
mate with |
attack |
have picture |
be social |
be amphibious |
run at |
be |
spend the winter with |
defend food against |
change colour in |
fight |
be hunted for |
be clumsy |
hunt in |
be usually monogamous |
be a top predator |
have length |
use |
have colour phases |
be active at |
sleep in |
have status |
live under |
be eaten by |
kill for |
dig with |
be very intelligent |
bring food to |
grow |
have maximum speed |
have parasites |
have high metabolic rate |
share den |
mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kbTop | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male Arctic fox | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alopex lagopus | | | | | | white in winter, brown in summer | | | | | | | | | | northern Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, northern Quebec, Labrador and northern Newfoundland | | | | | | | 2.5 to 9kg | wolf, grizzly bear, golden eagle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | lemmings, birds, eggs, ground squirrels, berries, small marine animals, fish, and carrion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Canidae | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | carnivorous | | | | | | | | | | 75-115 cm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male badger | | | blaireau d'Amérique | | | | | | | | | | | | | humans | Taxidea taxus | | | | | | grizzled back with creamy or white belly, brown legs, black feet, white and black face | | large burrow as long as 30 ft and as deep as 10 ft | | | | | | | | southern prairies | | | | | | | 3.6-7.71 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | excavating burrows of its prey | | | | | ground squirrels, pocket gophers, prairie dogs, kangaroo rats, pocket mouse, voles, birds, snails, insects | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | open prairies, farmlands, parklands | | | | | | | | | European badger | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | August and September but implantation of the embryo is delayed until mid-February | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 77.5-84.5 cm | | | | | | | | | its front claws | | | | | | | |
adult male black bear | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ursus americanus Pallas | | | | | | black or brown with a brownish muzzle and frequently a white patch below the throat or across the chest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 135 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25 or 30 years | | | | | | | | | | berries, nuts, insects, fish, small mammals, newborn moose calves, deer fawns, caribou calves, or elk calves, birds, carrion, honey | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Ursidae | heavily wooded areas and dense bushland | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100 to 120 cm at the shoulder | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | June or early July | | | | | | | 55 km/h for short distances | | | | | | | | | | | 150 cm | | | | a den during the winter | | | | | | | | | | tapeworms and roundworms | | |
adult male black-footed ferret | in 1937 in the wild in Canada | | putois d'Amérique | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mustela nigripes | | | | | | creamy white, brown mask on the face, brown legs and end of tail, white muzzle, forehead, throat, belly and base of tail, black whiskers | | enlarged rodent den | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 535-633 g | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | prairie dogs, ground squirrels, cottontail rabbits, jack rabbits, voles and mice, snakes, birds | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | arid, short-grass prairie | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 512-572 mm | | | dawn and dusk | | probably extinct in Canada | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male bobcat | | | | | | | | | | | urine | | | | | | Lynx rufus | | | | | | | its claws on trees | a den of dry moss or leaves in a hollow log, rock crevice or thicket, or under a stump | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6.4-18.3 kg | cougar, coyote, wolf | | | | | | | | | | | | | 15 years in captivity | | | | | | | | | | rabbit, hare, mouse, rat, squirrel, porcupine, shrew, bird, deer, livestock, snake, lizard, insect | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Felidae | swamps, woodlots, second-growth forests, deserts, rocky hillsides, agricultural land, outskirts of cities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a good pet if raised from kittenhood | | | | | | | | | | 800-876 mm | well-traveled paths | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male cougar | | | couguar | | catnip | | | | mountain lion | | scratched scent posts | | | | | | Felis concolor | | | rear his kittens | | | tawny brown to greyish brown, darker on the mid-dorsal line and pale buff on the belly | | cave, crevice among rocks, under bank or tree, in hollow stump or thicket | | hounds | | | | | | southern western Canada, the Maritimes | | | | 1 cougar per 93 square km | | | up to 114 kg | | | | | large herbivores within the carrying capacity of their food supply | | prey like a domestic cat | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | deer, elk, moose, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, porcupine, beaver, snowshoe hare, mountain beaver, mouse, bird, domestic stock | | | | growl, hiss, cry, purr | | | humans | other adult male cougars over adult female cougar in heat | | | | | | 3 years | | | Family Felidae | mountains, canyons, swamps, wooded river valleys, coniferous forests | | | | | which may be 19-29 km long | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | cougar kitten | | | | | | humans occasionally | | | | | | | | | | | | | | in the ecological pyramid | up to 8 ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male coyote | | | | | | | | | brush wolf | | | | | | | | Canis latrans | | | | | | tawny grey, darker on the hind part of the back | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9-23kg | wolf, black bear, cougar, eagle | | | | | | | den for birth and early care of cubs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | rabbits, hares, small rodents, wild fruits, insects, carrion from livestock and other sources, deer, domestic sheep, beef calves and domestic poultry | | | | yelping and howling cry, bark, growl, wail, and squeal | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Canidae | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 58- 66 cm high at the shoulder | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | February and March | | | | | | | | carnivorous | | | | | | | | | | 120- 150 cm (including a 30- 40 cm tail) | | | | | | | | | | | | | 64 km per hour | | | |
adult male ermine | | | hermine | | | | | | stoat | | | | | | | coyotes, badgers, foxes, hawks, owls, martens, wolverines, fishers, humans | Mustella erminea | | March and April and again in October and November | | | adult female ermine | brown on top and white below in summer, white in winter, black tipped tail | | | in hollow log, under building, in burrow of mouse, ground squirrel, chipmunk or pocket gopher | | | | grabbing it around the shoulders and biting through the neck at the base of the skull | | | all of Canada | | | | | | | 67-106 g | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mice, shrews, hares, porcupines, birds, squirrels, fish, rats, voles, ground squirrels, pocket gophers, chipmunks, pikas, mountain beavers, snakes, frogs, earthworms | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mice | Family Mustelidae | boreal coniferous forests, mixed forests, tundra, meadow edges, shrubby river banks, lakeshores | | | | fur, feathers, grass, leaves | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | extra food in larders | | | | | early summer | | | | | | | | | | | spring and fall because of changing duration of daylight | | | | | | | 251-315 mm | | | | | | | | fur by humans | | | | | | | | |
adult male fisher | | | pékan | | | | | | | | | | | | | humans | Martes pennanti | | | | | | dark brown or black with grizzled grey mantle | | den in hollow tree or log, rock crevice, brush pile | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2.6-5.5 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | the ground | | | | | | | | | | | red squirrels, flying squirrels, re-backed voles, snowshoe hares, shrews, porcupines, deer mice, mink, muskrat, carrion, birds, insects, fruit | | | | | | | | | regular hunting circuits up to 97 km in length | | | | | 2 years | | | Family Mustelidae | climax coniferous forest near water | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | 16 km in diameter | March and April | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 847-1073 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male grey fox | | | renard gris | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | | | adult female grey fox raise their pups | | | | | hollow log, stump, rock pile or burrow | | | | | | | | southern Ontario and Quebec, southern Manitoba | | | | 1.3 foxes per square km in good habitat | | | 3.6-5.9 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cottontail rabbit, groundhog, deer mouse, harvest mouse, shrew, bird, insect, fish, corn, apple, nut | | | | | | | | | | | | | | first birthday | | | Family Canidae | forests and marshlands | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | end of January to mid May | | | | | | | | carnivorous | | | | | | | | | | 800-1,125 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male grizzly bear | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ursus arctos Linnaeus | | | | | | nearly white or ivory yellow to black | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 250-350 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up to 25 years | | | 1200 in Alberta, 6500 in British Columbia, 4000-5000 in the Northwest Territories, 5000-8000 in the Yukon in 1985 | | | | | | | plants, mammals, fish | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Ursidae | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a den during the winter | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male least weasel | | | belette pygmée | | | | | | | | | | | | | biting through the back of the neck of its prey | Mustela nivalis | | | | | | dark brown with white underparts in summer, white in winter | | mouse, pocket gopher or mole burrow | | | | | | | | much of Canada except the Maritimes, southern Ontario and Quebec, coastal BC and the northeastern arctic tundra | | | more than 100 yards from its home | | | | 34.5-63.5 g | long-tailed weasels, owls, feral house cats | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | scent | | | | | meadow voles, prairie voles, red-backed voles, deer mice, house mice, harvest mice, amphibians, insects | | | | shrill shriek | | all winter | | | | | | | | 4 months | | | Family Mustelidae | stubble fields, meadows, river banks, parklands, mixed forests | | 1 gram of food per hour which adds up to more than half the body weight of an adult least weasel per day | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | mouse carcasses in larder | | | fine grass or mouse fur | 0.8 hectares | February to November | | | | | | | | the smallest carnivore in Canada | | | | | | | | | | 183-217 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male long-tailed weasel | | | belette à longue queue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mustela frenata | | | | | | cinnamon brown above and buff coloured below in summer, white in winter, black tipped tail | | | | | the winter | | | | | southern Canada | | | | | | | 196-267 g | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | meadow voles, deer mice, chipmunks, pocket gophers, ground squirrels, pikas, prairie dogs, cottontail rabbits, wood rats, red squirrels, harvest mice, house mice, Norway rats, roof rats, shrews, least weasels, birds, chickens, insects, snakes, berries | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | open grassland, aspen parklands, river bottom lands | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | October to December, and February to April caused by changing length of daylight | | | | | | | July and August | other adult long-tailed weasels except during the breeding season | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 374-456 mm | | | | | | | foxes, coyotes, wolves, domestic cats and dogs | | | | | | | | | |
adult male lynx | | | loup-cervier | | | | | | | | | | | | | humans, cougars, wolves | Lynx lynx | | October and November and again in April and May | | | | grey frosted on the back, buffy on the belly | | | | | | | | | | | | | about 4 km per day | | | | 6.7-17.2 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sight or hearing | | | | | snowshoe hare, bird, meadow vole, moose and caribou carrion, squirrel, fox, skunk | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Felidae | dense boreal forest, tundra | | | | | | | urine marks | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | 15-20 square km | March and April | | | | | | | | | | | | | fur | | | | | 74-106.5 cm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male marten | | | martre d'Amérique | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Martes americana | | | | | | dark brown fur coat and a bright orange throat patch, lighter in summer | | trees but also spend time on the ground | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1000 g | | curious and ferocious | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fur industry | | | | red-backed voles, deer mouse, field voles, varying hare, grouse, squirrels, shrews, bird's eggs, amphibians, berries | | | | | | all winter | | | | | | other martens of the opposite sex | | 15-17 months | in hollow tree | | Family Mustelidae | old growth coniferous or mixed woods forest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | summer | | | | | | 2.5 square km | July and August | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 490-602 mm | | | | | threatened in Newfoundland | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male mink | | | vison d'Amérique | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mustela vison | | | | | | brown to almost black, paler on the belly | | den under the roots of trees, along stream banks, occasionally in beaver or muskrat lodges | | | | | | fur | | most of Canada south of the treeline except Newfoundland, Anticosti Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands | | | | 3 - 8.5 mink per square km of good habitat | | | 1.68-2.31 kg | great horned owls, bobcats, red foxes, coyotes, wolves, black bears | bold, ferocious and untamable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | meadow voles, muskrats, shrews, cottontail rabbits, fish, frogs, salamanders, crayfish, insects, birds, earthworms | | | | cooing, screams, hisses | | all winter | | | | | | | | 18 months | | | Family Mustelidae | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | up to 7.8 square km | February to April | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 491-620 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male polar bear | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | humans, killer whale, male walrus | Ursus maritimus | Inuit for food and clothing | | | | | creamy white | | | | | | 2 minutes | | | | | | | | | | | 420-700 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | seals, walrus, carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, eggs, grass, mushrooms, berries, lemmings, humans | | | | | | | | | | paddling only with its front feet | | | | 5 -7 years | | | Family Ursidae | southern broken edge of the arctic ice pack | 6.4 km per hour | | | | | | | | | | | | 120 cm at the shoulder | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | May to August | | | | | | | April and May | | | | | | | 40 km per hour | | | | | | | | | | | 2-3 metres | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male raccoon | | | raton laveur | | | | | Prince Edward Island | | | | | | | | | Procyon lotor | | the summer | | | | grizzled grey | | den in hollow tree, cave, hollow log, stump, burrow, culvert, drain pipe, barrel | | | | | | | | much of southern Canada except Newfoundland | slowly with a rolling gallop | | | 4 raccoons per square km | | | 8.6 kg | bobcat, red fox, coyote, great horned owl | | | | | wood chips | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | corn, fruit, crayfish, grub, insect, fish, frog, turtle, meadow vole, deer mouse, cottontail rabbit, squirrel, bird | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Procyonidae | forested areas near water | | | severe winter weather in northern areas | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | ground vibrations | male mammal | | | | | | | | January to March | | | | | | | | | | | | if cornered | | | | | | 730-950 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male red fox | | | renard roux | | | | | | | night | | | | | | | Vulpes vulpes | | | | | | | | modified groundhog burrow | | | | | | | | most of Canada except the high arctic | | | | 1 fox per 4 square km | | | 3.6-6.8 kg | | shy, nervous | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | moles, shrews, groundhogs, squirrels, mice, muskrats, cottontail rabbits, snowshoe hares, birds, crayfish, crickets, grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, acorns, grasses, corn, berries, fruit, snakes, fish, frogs | | | | high-pitched bark | | | | | | | | | | 10 months | | | Family Canidae | semi-open country such as agricultural areas, lakeshores, river valleys, clearings in the forest, alpine and arctic tundra | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | 3.6-8 square km | January to March | | | | | | | | carnivorous | | | | | | | | | | 90-112 cm | | red, cross, silver | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male river otter | | | loutre de rivière | | | | | | | | | | | | food under water | | Lontra canadensis | | | | | | brown | | hollow logs, stumps, roots, beaver lodges | | | | | | | | all of Canada except the high arctic | | | | | | | 7.75 kg | coyotes, wolves | sociable, playful and docile with strong family loyalty | | until he is 6-7 years old | | | | | snowy, grassy or muddy hills | | | | | up to 16 years in captivity | | | | | | | | | | fish, insects, frogs, tadpoles, newts, muskrats, meadow voles, shrews and beavers | | | fur | shrill whistle, chuckle, grunt | | all winter | | | | | | | | 2 years | | | Family Mustelidae | shores of deep, clear lakes, rivers, marshes and ocean bays | | | | dry wood chips, bark, leaves | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | late winter to early spring | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-1.3 m | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male sea otter | | | loutre de mer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Enhydra lutris | | | | on it back in patches of kelp | | rusty red, brown, almost black, usually paler on the throat, chest and head | | | | | | 15-150 seconds | | | | west coast of Canada | | | | | | | 34.4 kg | killer whale | | | | | | | | | | | | | about 8 years | | | | | | | | | | sea urchins, mussels, crabs, limpets, snails, fish | | | | | | all winter | | | | | | | | 3 years | | | Family Mustelidae | the sea, off rocky reefs, islets and coasts | | | | | | | | | | | | its thick fur for insulation | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | spring or summer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | on land | | | | 1.27-1.63 m | flat stone as an anvil for pounding mussel shells to open them | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male striped skunk | | dried grasses and leaves | mouffette rayée | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mephitis mephitis | | | | | | black with white stripes down the back and tail | | burrow of groundhog or cottontail rabbit | | | | | | | | most of southern Canada | | | | 5.2 per square km of agricultural land | the fall to prepare for hibernation | | 1.27-2.44 kg | great horned owl, bobcat, coyote, fisher | placid and sluggish | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fruit, small mammals, insects, grasses. leaves and buds, carrion, grains and nuts, eggs, baby birds, crayfish, minnows, mollusks, frogs, lizards and snakes | | | | hisses, growls, squeals, soft cooings | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | agricultural land, forest, along river valleys | | | | | | when in danger | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | in the spring and fall | | | 4 hectares | late February and early March | | | | | | | 14.5 km an hour | | up to 12 other skunks in a den mostly females with young | | | | | | | | | 522-610 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male swift fox | | | renard velocé | | | | | | | | | a large house cat | | | | | Vulpes velox | | | | | | | | den in sandy soil on open prairie, along fence or in ploughed field | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.4-0.8 foxes per square km | | | 1.7-2.5 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | April and July | | | | | | | | | | yap, purr, growl, croak and whine | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Canidae | arid short-grass plains and shrubby deserts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | two adult female swift foxes | | | | | 40 km per hour | carnivorous | | | | | | | | | | 844 mm | | | | | possibly extinct in Canada | | | | | | | | | | | |
adult male western spotted skunk | | | mouffette tachetée | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Spilogale gracilis | | | | | | black with 6 white stripes on the back, white tipped tail and white spots on the head | | groundhog burrow, hollow log, stump, tree | | | | | | | striped skunk | south-western British Columbia | | | | 5 skunks per square km of good agricultural land | | | 784-847 g | domestic cats and dogs, great horned owl | secretive, sociable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cottontail rabbits, field voles, Norway rats. house mice, corn, insects, plants, fruit, birds, eggs, carrion, lizards, snakes, frogs | | | | grunt and screech | | | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | scrubland, canyons and farmland | | | | | | when in danger | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | 64 hectares | late winter | | | | | | | 7.2 km per hour | | | | | | | | | | | 353-460 mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | in winter with other skunks |
adult male wolf | | | loup | | | urine | | | | | | | pups | | | | | | | | | | white, cream, grey, brown or black | | pack made up of 4-7 relatives and pups | | | | | | | | all of Canada except the south where it has been exterminated | | | | 1 wolf to 26-207 square km | | | 26-79 kg | | | | | | | | | | | pups if their mother is killed | domestic dog | | up to 18 years in captivity | | | | | | | | | | moose, caribou, elk, deer, bighorn sheep, bison, muskox, rabbit, hare, marmot, ground squirrel, beaver, muskrat, mouse, bird, fish, berry, fruit, insect, grass | | | | howl, bark, yelp, whine, snarl click to hear sound (30k wav file) | | | | | | | | | | 3 years | | | Family Canidae | arctic tundra, mountains, plains, forests | | | | | | | | | | | | | almost 3 feet at the shoulders | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | late spring | life | | | 1-1.5 large animals per month | | 260-675 square km | late February to mid March | | | | | | | 45 km per hour over a short distance | carnivorous | | | | | | | pack | | | greater than 6 feet | | | | | | | | | | | nursing adult female wolf | | | | | |
adult male wolverine | | | carcajou | | | | | | | | | | | | | wolves, porcupines, humans | Gulo gulo | | | | | | glossy dark brown with two pale buff stripes on the shoulders and flanks | | | | | | | | | | northern Canada as far north as Ellesmere Island | | | | | | | 11.3-16.2 kg | | pugnacious, curious, bold and strong | | | | | | | | | | | | | | carcasses left by wolves and bears | | | | | | | | roots, berries, mice, ground squirrels, birds' eggs, baby birds, fish, beavers, porcupines, moose, caribou, mountain goats, carrion | | | | bark, growl, hiss | | in the day and at night | | | | | | | | | | | Family Mustelidae | boreal forests, tundra, alpine tundra | | | | grass and leaves | | | | | | | | | | Order Carnivora | | male mammal | | | | | | | | April to September | | | | | | | | | | wolf or grizzly bear | | | | | | | | 940-1070 mm | | | | | | fallen tree, upturned root, rocky crevice, low tree bough | | | | | | | | | | |
bull moose | | | | its cud | | | antlers | | | | | | | | | | alces alces | | | | | | dark brown, almost black, to reddish or greyish brown, with grey or white leg stockings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up to 600 kg | wolf, cougar, wolverine, black bear, grizzly bear, human | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | between 500,000 and 1,000,000 in Canada | | | | up to 5.5 m under water | | | twigs, shrubs, tree bark in the winter; twigs, leaves, shrubs, upland plants, and water plants in the summer | | | | | | | | | | | | | antlers every fall | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Artiodactyla | | moose | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | antlers every spring | | ticks, hydatids, meningeal worms | | |
caribou bull | | | | its cud | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rangifer tarandus | | | | | | | | a herd | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wolf, human, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | lichen, flowers, grasses, leaves of shrubs | | | | | | | | | | | | | antlers in November or December | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Order Artiodactyla | | male mammal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
male white-tailed deer | | | | its cud | | | antlers | | a buck | | | | | | | | Odocoileus virginianus | | | | | | summer: red on the back and sides and white below, winter: grey above | | | | | | | | | | | | | | more than three deer per square kilometer | | | more than 110 kg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | leaves, herbs, grass, fiddleheads, mushrooms, blueberries, acorns, twigs, buds | | | | | | | | | | | northern white-tailed deer, Dakota white-tailed deer, tawny northwestern white-tailed deer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 m at the shoulder | Order Artiodactyla | | white-tailed deer | | | | | | | as far north as Great Slave Lake and from Cape Breton Island westward to south-central British Columbia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |