cosmic rays | the total energy produced when the particle decays | charged particle | corpuscular radiation | the products produced immediately after decay | High-energy charged particles which stream at relativistic velocities down to Earth from space. The Sun ejects low-energy (107 - 1010 eV) cosmic rays during solar flares (those of lower energy than this are unobservable from Earth because of solar system magnetic fields). Those of intermediate energy (1010 - 1016 eV) have an isotropic distribution, and are apparently produced in the Galaxy. Possible sources of acceleration are shock waves accompanying supernovae (although cosmic rays have a higher hydrogen content than would be expected from a star that has processed material to iron), and the rotating magnetic fields of pulsars. The light elements Li, Be, and B have a higher abundance ratio in cosmic rays than in the solar system. | non-zero | The average time in which a particle decays | 2 GeV (average) | 85% protons, 14% alpha-particles, 1% electrons, << 1% heavy nuclei | electric or magnetic fields |