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physical phenomena > force > fundamental force

fundamental force
subject			fact

fundamental force	is a kind of force
	has definition One of four fundamental forces which mediate particle interaction.
force	has carrier boson
	has range
	has strength (relative to electromagnetism)

Kinds of fundamental force :

• electromagnetism (10 facts) - Force field of the electromagnetic force, consisting of electric and magnetic lines of force at each point in space., Fundamental force of nature that acts on all electrically charged particles. Classical electromagnetics is based on Maxwell's and Faraday's equations, quantum electromagnetics on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED)., The force between charged particles, which accounts for electricity and magnetism. One of the four fundamental forces of nature, it is carried by photons and is responsible for all observed macroscopic forces, except for gravity., One of the four fundamental forces of nature. Electricity and magnetism arise from the electromagnetic force. The other three fundamental forces are the gravitational force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force., One of the four fundamental forces of nature, governing the electric and magnetic interaction between particles., The phenomena associated with electrical and magnetic forces. Electrical and magnetic forces are intimately related, since a changing electric field produces a magnetic field, and vice versa. Electromagnetic waves are an example of electromagnetism.
• electroweak (11 facts) (weak force) - The combination of the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force which takes place at high energy., A unification of electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force., The unified description of the weak interactions and electromagnetism, developed between 1967 and 1970 by Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg, and Abdus Salam., Theory demonstrating links between the electromagnetic and the weak nuclear forces. Indicates that in the high energies that characterized the very early universe, electromagnetism and the weak force functioned as a single, electroweak force. Also known as the Weinberg-Salam theory., The theory that unifies the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force into a single force. This theory was developed in the 1960s by Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg, and Abdus Salam and has been subsequently confirmed in the laboratory. One of the mathematical properties of this theory is called the electroweak symmetry., Responsible for certain kinds of radioactivity; for example, the disintegration of a neutron into a proton, electron, and antineutrino.
• gravity (12 facts) - The weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature, the gravitational force between any two masses is proportional to the product of the masses and varies inversely as the square of the distance between them. The other three fundamental forces are the electromagnetic force and two kinds of nuclear forces. (See electromagnetic force; nuclear forces.), The weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature. Described by Newton's universal theory of gravity, and subsequently by Einstein's general relativity., As described first by Isaac Newton, gravity is a force that exists between bodies of any mass whatever (from particles to stars) in proportion to the product of their masses, and in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between them. The weakest of the four natural forces (the other three being the electromagnetic and the two nuclear interactive forces), its real nature is still not fully understood. Einstein's General Theory of Relativity presented another viewpoint., Fundamental force of nature, generated by all particles that possess mass. Interpreted by means of Newtonian mechanics or by the general theory of relativity., The universal ability of all material objects to attract each other; F = Gm₁m₂ / r²., The mutual attraction between any two masses, as was first described accurately by Newton. Gravity appears strong because it has infinite range and it is always attractive (except for a false vacuum), but on a subatomic level gravity is the weakest of the known interactions; the gravitational force between a proton and an electron is 2 × 10³⁹ times weaker than the electrical attraction., One of the four fundamental forces of nature, and the one most different from the other three., In Aristotelian physics, an innate tendency of the elements earth and water to fall. In Newtonian physics, the universal, mutual, attraction of all massive objects for one another; its force is directly proportional to the mass of each object, and decreases by the square of the distance separating the objects involved.
• In Einstein's general relativity, gravity is viewed as a consequence of the curvature of space induced by the presence of a massive object. In quantum mechanics the gravitational field is said to be conveyed by quanta called gravitons.
• strong force (11 facts) (nuclear force) - Strongest of the four fundamental forces, responsible for keeping quarks locked inside protons and neutrons and for keeping protons and neutrons crammed inside of atomic nuclei., The short-range nuclear force which is assumed to be responsible for binding the nucleus together. Strong interactions are so called because they occur in the extremely short time of about 10^-23 seconds. Strong interactions can occur only when the particles involved are less than 3 fermis apart., The short-range nuclear interactions responsible for holding nuclei together. The characteristic range of the strong interaction is 10^-13 cm, and the time scale over which it operates is 10^-33 second., The interactions which bind quarks together to form rotons, neutrons, and other particles. The residual effects of these forces are responsible for the forces between protons and neutrons. See Yang-Mills theories., One of the four fundamental forces of nature. It governs the interaction between particles in atomic nuclei., Fundamental force of nature that binds quarks together, and holds nucleons (which are comprised of quarks) together as the nuclei of atoms. Portrayed in quantum chromodynamics as conveyed by quanta called gluons.