It is obvious that connected components of a disconnected graph
will move apart in a simple spring model
because of lack of attractive forces.
Often, loosely connected components are also positioned far from
each other such that the edges in between are unaesthetically long.
Thus, Frick e.a. introduce additional gravity forces [FLM95].
All nodes 
are attracted by the gravity
to the barycenter (the average of all node positions p(v)):
In the proposal of Frick e.a., gravity forces depend on the number 
of adjacent edges at a node v.
Nodes with high degree are more important since they drag along many
nodes in the same direction.
The gravity force at a node can be defined as
Figure 2: Layout of Hexagonal Grid
Although gravity forces are attractive as of themselves, they are not a total replacement of spring forces. If only gravity and charge repulsion take effect, the nodes are placed evenly around the barycenter, but regularities of the edge structure are not visible (Fig. 2, left). Only the spring forces contribute to the symmetry of the layout.
Figure 4: Layout of Multiplied 
Since gravity forces are polar directed to the barycenter, they enforce a round structure of the layout. Fig. 3 shows the effect of gravity on a grid graph. However, the main advantage of gravity is visible if the graph is partitioned into very dense parts which are loosely connected. Without gravity, the nodes of the parts are very close together but the parts themselves are far from each other. Thus, the edge lengths are not uniform. Gravity has the effect that the parts are positioned closer such that the layout is much more homogeneous (Fig. 4).
Figure 5: Spring Force and Magnetic Force
