Astronomy   View all facts   Glossary   Help

physical object > natural object > particle > element > column grouped element > halogen > chlorine

chlorine (Cl, 2P3/2 in ground state)
subject			fact

chlorine	has symbol Cl
	has lethal intake Cl2 inhalation 500 p.p.m. for 5 minutes for humans
	has reserves > 1 × 1013 tonnes
	has main mining area vast deposits in USA, Poland, Russia, Germany, China, India, Australia
	has mineral halite, carnallite, sylvite
	has neutron scattering length 0.95770 × 10-12 cm
	has electron affinity 349.0 kJ mol-1 from Cl to Cl-
	has toxic intake Cl2 is very toxic affecting the eyes and lungs at 3 p.p.m. in air; chloride is non-toxic
	has mass magnetic susceptibility -7.2 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for gas
	has van der Waals radii 181 pm
	has covalent radii 99 pm
	has thermal neutron capture cross section 35.5 barns
	has longest lived isotope chlorine 35
	has isotope mass range 31 to 41
	has number of isotopes 13 including nuclear isomers
	has pronunciation klor-een
	has name origin chloros = pale green from Greek
	has discovery location Uppsala, Sweden
	has abundance 3.2 × 105 in Sun relative to H = 1 × 1012
	has abundance 130 p.p.m. in Earth's crust
	has abundance 18000 p.p.m. in seawater
	has specimen Cl2 in small pressurized canisters. Danger!
	has world production 168 × 106
	has chief source halite (rock salt)
	has mass absorption coefficient 106 cm2 g-1 for CuKα X-ray diffraction
	has mass absorption coefficient 11.4 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction
	has space group P4/ncm
	has crystal cell dimension a = 856, c = 612 pm
	has crystal type tetragonal
	has atomic emission line 479.455 nm for Cl II
	has atomic emission line 489.677 nm for Cl II
	has atomic emission line 542.323 nm for Cl II
	has atomic emission line 837.574 nm for Cl I (strong)
	has atomic emission line 858.597 nm for Cl I
	has term symbol 2P3/2 in ground state
	has electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5 in ground state
	has mass of element in person 95 g for a 70 kg average person
	has daily dietary intake 3.00 - 6.50 g
	has level in humans 2890 mg dm-3 chloride in blood
	has level in humans 900 p.p.m. chloride in bone
	has level in humans 3000 - 7200 p.p.m. chloride in liver
	has level in humans 2000 - 5200 p.p.m. chloride in muscle
	has hazard corrosive, vapours attack eyes and lungs
	has hazard Cl2 0.5 p.p.m. time-weighted average above which there is a threat to health
	has hazard Cl2 15 p.p.m. produces throat irritation
	has hazard Cl2 50 p.p.m. is dangerous even in short doses
	has biological role chloride, Cl-, is essential to many species, including humans
	has thermal conductivity 0.0089 W m-1 K-1 for gas at 300 K
	has molar volume 17.46 cm3 for solid at 113 K
	has heat capacity 33.907 J K-1 mol-1 for molecular gas (Cl2) at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat capacity 21.840 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat of vaporization 20.4033 kJ mol-1
	has heat of fusion 6.41 kJ mol-1
	has boiling point 239.18 K
	has melting point 172.17 K
	has electronegativity 3.16 Pauling
	has relative atomic mass 35.4527 in units of 12C = 12.000
	has ionic radii 181 pm for Cl-
	has number of protons 17
	has registry number 7782-50-5 for Chemical Abstracts System database
	has density 2030 kg m-3 for solid at 113 K
	has density 1507 kg m-3 for liquid at 239.18 K boiling point
	has density 3.214 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K
	has synthesis mechanism electrolysis of sodium chloride solution
has ocean oxidation state -I
has ocean residence time 4 × 108 years
has atomic number 17
has discovery date 1774
has discoverer C.W. Scheele
has uses bleaching agent
has uses sterilising agent for water supplies
has uses manufacture of organochlorine solvents
has uses PVC
has image
has definition yellow-green, dense, sharp-smelling gas (Cl2) which is a key industrial chemical
is a kind of halogen
is a kind of gaseous element
is a kind of lithophile element
is a kind of accumulating oceanic element
has critical pressure 7700 kPa
has critical temperature 417 K
accumulating oceanic element	has ocean concentration depth indenpendent
lithophile element	has occurrence in silicate materials such as igneous rocks
gaseous element	has state gas at standard temperature and pressure
halogen	has group 17
	has synonym group VII element
element	is a part of Universe
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has charge
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of chlorine :

• chlorine 34m (10 facts) (³⁴Cl)
• chlorine 35 (15 facts) (³⁵Cl)
• chlorine 36 (13 facts) (³⁶Cl)
• chlorine 37 (15 facts) (³⁷Cl)
• chlorine 38 (10 facts) (³⁸Cl)
• chlorine 39 (9 facts) (³⁹Cl)
• chlorine 40 (9 facts) (⁴⁰Cl)

Next accumulating oceanic element: fluorine    Up: accumulating oceanic element, gaseous element, halogen, lithophile element    Previous accumulating oceanic element: cesium