oxygen | oksi-jen | 0.00019 barns | 13 to 20 | 6.82 kJ mol-1 | J. Priestley, C.W. Sheele | 0.2674 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K | 1774 | atmosphere of a planet or asteroid | oxy genes = acid forming from Greek | | 0.444 kJ mol-1 | small pressurized canisters. Safe, but be aware of possible dangers. | | 5043 kPa | mainly as water | 4800 p.p.m. for 4 hours inhaled ozone (O3) | unknown | oxides, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates also occurs as gas in atmosphere and as water | 54.8 K | 0.5803 × 10-12 cm | | unknown | 66 pm for single bond | 3P2 in ground state | a = pm | 43 kg for a 70 kg average person, mainly as water | 1.2 × 1015 tonnes in atmosphere | unclassified oceanic element | 21.912 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K | gas at standard temperature and pressure | 140 pm | 8.00 cm3 at 54 K | colourless, odourless gas (O2) which is very reactive | 90.188 K | O2 within a few percent of its natural concentration in air is harmless, but too little and it cannot sustain life, too much and it can cause pulmonary changes and teratogenic effects and is a fire hazard. | constituent element of DNA and of most other biologically important compounds | 132 pm for O2- | | 15.9994 in units of 12C = 12.000 | liquid air | 141 kJ mol-1 from O to O- | 7782-44-7 for Chemical Abstracts System database | 1.429 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K | pm | 8 | +1.355 × 10-6 kg-1 m3 for gas | Leeds, England and Uppsala, Sweeden | 8 including nuclear isomers | non-toxic as O2, but toxic as ozone (O3) | constituent element of water | kJ mol-1 | 844.676 nm for O I | all other elements except He, Ne, Ar and Kr | oxygen 16 | O | steel-making, metal-cutting, the chemical industry and in medical treatment | 1 × 108 | [He]2s22p4 in ground state | 8 | 1.31 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction | 160000 p.p.m. in muscle | 3.44 Pauling | 154.58 K |
sulfur | sul-fer | 0.53 barns | 29 to 39 | 9.62 kJ mol-1 | | 0.269 W m-1 K-1 for α at 300 K | prehistoric | in sulfide minerals | sulvere = sulfur from Sanskrit (sulphurium from Latin) | 74.33 × 10-6 K-1 | 1.23 kJ mol-1 | powder and flakes. Safe. | USA (native sulfur), Spain | 20700 kPa | 850 - 930 mg | 175 mg kg-1 for rabbits | 8 × 106 years | occurs naturally as native sulfur deposits associated with oil-bearing strata | 386.0 K for α form | 0.2847 × 10-12 cm | | depth indenpendent | 104 pm | 3P2 in ground state | a = 1046.46, b = 1286.60, c = 2448.60 pm for α form | 140 g for a 70 kg average person | 2.5 × 109 tonnes | accumulating oceanic element | 23.673 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K | | 185 pm | 15.49 cm3 | the α-S8 orthorhombic form of sulfur is yellow | 717.824 K | elemental form is harmless unless ingested; ignited it emits highly toxic SO2 fumes | essential to all living things; part of the amino acids methionine and cysteine | 184 pm for S2- | 2 × 1015 Ω m at 293 K | 32.066 in units of 12C = 12.000 | native sulfur, pyrite, H2S in natural gas | 200.4 kJ mol-1 from S to S- | 7704-34-9 for Chemical Abstracts System database | 1819 kg m-3 for liquid at 393 K | 104 pm | | -5.83 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for β solid | | 11 including nuclear isomers | elemental form is not very toxic, but simple derivatives are (SO2, H2S, etc.) | 870 p.p.m. in seawater | | 964.99 nm for S I | oxidising acids | sulfur 32 | S | key industrial chemical, starting point for sulfuric acid | 54 × 106 | [Ne]3s23p4 in ground state | 16 | 9.55 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction | 5000 - 11000 p.p.m. in muscle | 2.58 Pauling | 1314 K |