nested if-else statement | a semicolon | braces if there is only one embedded statement | if (length < 10) { System.out.println("Small"); } else { if (length < 20){ System.out.println("Medium"); } else { System.out.println("Large"); } } | if (boolean expression) { if-true statement else if-false statement } | to make a decision on which branch of code to follow in a program | not more than one line long if possible | bold = mandatory italic = non-terminal normal font = optional | an if statement or an if-else statement as its embedded statements | Loops and Decision Making | if-else statement | else block |