C++ | much the same syntax as C | | the most widely used object oriented language | The Basics of Java | | | - its syntax is quite complex
- it is too easy to create code that has bugs
- large C++ programs have thus been found to be hard to maintain - they deteriorate rapidly as many programmers make changes
| | | | | object oriented extensions to C | | abstraction, modularity and encapsulation | | pointer arithmetic | Bjarne Stroustrup | | | | |
Java | much the same syntax as C | the same as JavaScript | less efficient than C and C++ because it contains safety because it contains safety checks that slow down execution and because Java is interpreted which is slower than direct execution of machine code | The Basics of Java | the next line of code in the program if an exception is thrown and Java looks for some code to handle the exception and executes that instead | a virtual machine | | the worst kinds of content coupling (e.g. those involving manipulation of pointers) by making it hard to achieve. | | the default locale based on what is set in the operating system | many ideas from Smalltalk | | programmers refer to information beyond the end of an array | | Unicode | very easy-to-program networking capabilities | | Oak | | extensive on-line documentation about each class and method | violations of certain security constraints when programs are downloaded over the Internet |