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physical object > natural object > particle > element > metallic element > alkali earth metal > calcium

calcium (Ca, 1S0 in ground state)
subject			fact

calcium	has symbol Ca
	has lethal intake 6.45 grams kg-1 in carbonate form for rat
	has reserves almost unlimited
	has main mining area common everywhere
	has mineral anhydrite, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, shortite, vaterite
	has neutron scattering length 0.476 × 10-12 cm
	has electron affinity -186 kJ mol-1 from Ca to Ca-
	has toxic intake non-toxic
	has poisson's ratio 0.31 GPa
	has bulk modulus 17.2 GPa
	has rigidity modulus 7.9 GPa
	has young's modulus 19.6 GPa
	has mass magnetic susceptibility +1.4 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid
	has electrical resistivity 3.43 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K
	has covalent radii 174 pm
	has thermal neutron capture cross section 0.43 barns
	has longest lived isotope
	has isotope mass range 36 to 51
	has number of isotopes 16 including nuclear isomers
	has pronunciation kal-sium
	has name origin calx = lime from Latin
	has discovery location London, England
	has abundance 2.24 × 106 in Sun relative to H = 1 × 1012
	has abundance 41000 p.p.m. in Earth's crust
	has abundance 390 p.p.m. in Atlantic surface seawater
	has abundance 430 p.p.m. in deep Atlantic seawater
	has abundance 390 p.p.m. in Pacific surface seawater
	has abundance 440 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater
	has specimen granules, pieces or turings. Care !
	has world production 2000 tonnes year-1 for calcium metal
	has world production 112 × 106tonnes year-1 for lime, CaO
	has chief source calcite, dolomite, gypsum (used in cement and plaster) anhydrite (used to make H2SO4)
	has mass absorption coefficient 162 cm2 g-1 for CuKα X-ray diffraction
	has mass absorption coefficient 18.3 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction
	has space group
	has crystal cell dimension a = pm
	has crystal type
	has atomic emission line 239.856 nm for Ca I
	has atomic emission line 317.933 nm for Ca II
	has atomic emission line 373.690 nm for Ca II
	has atomic emission line 393.366 nm for Ca II (strong)
	has atomic emission line 393.847 nm for Ca II
	has atomic emission line 422.673 nm for Ca I (used in atom absorption spectrometry)
	has term symbol 1S0 in ground state
	has electron configuration [Ar]4s2 in ground state
	has mass of element in person 1.00 kg for a 70 kg average person
	has daily dietary intake 600 - 1400 mg
	has level in humans 60.5 mg dm-3 in blood
	has level in humans 170000 p.p.m. in bone
	has level in humans 100 - 360 p.p.m. in liver
	has level in humans 140 - 700 p.p.m. in muscle
	has hazard calcium compounds are only toxic via the other elements they contain
	has biological role essential to all species
	has linear expansion coefficient 22 × 10-6 K-1
	has thermal conductivity 200 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K
	has molar volume 25.86 cm3
	has heat capacity 25.31 J K-1 mol-1 for solid α form at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat capacity 20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat of vaporization 149.95 kJ mol-1
	has heat of fusion 9.33 kJ mol-1
	has boiling point 1757 K
	has melting point 1112 K
	has electronegativity 1.00 Pauling
	has relative atomic mass 40.078 in units of 12C = 12.000
has ionic radii 106 pm for Ca2+
has atomic radii 197 pm for α-form
has number of protons 20
has registry number 7440-70-2 for Chemical Abstracts System database
has density 1550 kg m-3 for solid at 293 K
has density 1365 kg m-3 for liquid at 1112 K melting point
has synthesis mechanism heat calcium oxide (CaO) with aluminium metal in vacuum
has ocean oxidation state II
has ocean residence time 1 × 106 years
has atomic number 20
reacts with oxygen and water but soon forms a thin protective oxide-nitride film preventing further corrosion
has discovery date 1808 (isolated)
has discoverer Sir Humphry Davy
has uses alloys and in the manufacture of zirconium, thorium, and uranium and the rare earth metals
has uses CaO used in metallurgy, water treatment, chemicals industry, cement, etc
has image
has definition silvery-white, relatively soft metal
is a kind of alkali earth metal
is a kind of lithophile element
is a kind of recycled oceanic element
alkali earth metal	has hardness malleable, extrudable and machinable
recycled oceanic element	has ocean concentration increasing with depth
lithophile element	has occurrence in silicate materials such as igneous rocks
element	is a part of Universe
	has synonym atom
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has charge
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of calcium :

• calcium 40 (9 facts) (⁴⁰Ca)
• calcium 41 (11 facts) (⁴¹Ca)
• calcium 42 (9 facts) (⁴²Ca)
• calcium 43 (14 facts) (⁴³Ca)
• calcium 44 (9 facts) (⁴⁴Ca)
• calcium 45 (11 facts) (⁴⁵Ca)
• calcium 46 (9 facts) (⁴⁶Ca)
• calcium 47 (11 facts) (⁴⁷Ca)
• calcium 48 (9 facts) (⁴⁸Ca)
• calcium 49 (9 facts) (⁴⁹Ca)

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