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gaseous element comparison table

Subject	has pronunciation	has stable isotope	has thermal neutron capture cross section	has synonym	has isotope mass range	has heat of vaporization	has discoverer	has thermal conductivity	has discovery date	has occurrence	has name origin	has heat of fusion	has specimen	has main mining area	has critical pressure	has daily dietary intake	has lethal intake	has ocean residence time	has mineral	has melting point	has neutron scattering length	has image	has ocean concentration	has covalent radii	has term symbol	has crystal cell dimension	has mass of element in person	has reserve	has ocean oxidation state	is a kind of	has heat capacity	has van der Waals radii	has Spanish translation	has molar volume	has definition	has boiling point	has hazard	has biological role	has ionic radii	has French translation	has relative atomic mass	has chief source	has electron affinity	has registry number	has density	has atomic radii	has atomic number	has synthesis mechanism	has mass magnetic susceptibility	has discovery location	has number of isotope	has toxic intake	has abundance	has Italian translation	has heat of sublimation	has atomic emission line	reacts with	has triple point temperature	has longest lived isotope	has symbol	has use	has world production	has electron configuration	has number of proton	has German translation	has mass absorption coefficient	has level in human	has electronegativity	has critical temperature	has group
chlorine	klor-een		35.5 barns	group VII element	31 to 41	20.4033 kJ mol-1	C.W. Scheele	0.0089 W m-1 K-1 for gas at 300 K	1774	in silicate materials such as igneous rocks	chloros = pale green from Greek	6.41 kJ mol-1	Cl2 in small pressurized canisters. Danger!	vast deposits in USA, Poland, Russia, Germany, China, India, Australia	7700 kPa	3.00 - 6.50 g	Cl2 inhalation 500 p.p.m. for 5 minutes for humans	4 × 108 years	halite, carnallite, sylvite	172.17 K	0.95770 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent	99 pm	2P3/2 in ground state	a = 856, c = 612 pm	95 g for a 70 kg average person	> 1 × 1013 tonnes	-I	accumulating oceanic element	21.840 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	181 pm		17.46 cm3 for solid at 113 K	yellow-green, dense, sharp-smelling gas (Cl2) which is a key industrial chemical	239.18 K	Cl2 50 p.p.m. is dangerous even in short doses	chloride, Cl-, is essential to many species, including humans	181 pm for Cl-		35.4527 in units of 12C = 12.000	halite (rock salt)	349.0 kJ mol-1 from Cl to Cl-	7782-50-5 for Chemical Abstracts System database	3.214 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K		17	electrolysis of sodium chloride solution	-7.2 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for gas	Uppsala, Sweden	13 including nuclear isomers	Cl2 is very toxic affecting the eyes and lungs at 3 p.p.m. in air; chloride is non-toxic	18000 p.p.m. in seawater			858.597 nm for Cl I			chlorine 35	Cl	PVC	168 × 106	[Ne]3s23p5 in ground state	17		11.4 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	2000 - 5200 p.p.m. chloride in muscle	3.16 Pauling	417 K	17
fluorine	floor-een		0.0096 barns	group VII element	17 to 23	6.548 kJ mol-1	H. Moissan	0.0279 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1886 (isolated)	ocean	fluere = to flow from Latin	5.10 kJ mol-1	not available for sale as pure gas because it is too reactive and dangerous	Canada, USA, UK, Russia, Mexico, Italy	5573 kPa	0.3 - 0.5 mg	5 - 25 g NaF	400000 years	apatite, cryolite, fluorite	53.53 K	0.5654 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent	58 pm	2P3/2 in ground state	a = 667 pm for β-F2	2.6 g for a 70 kg average person	123 × 106 tonnes	-I	accumulating oceanic element	22.744 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	135 pm		18.05 cm3	pale yellow gas (F2) which is the most reactive of all the elements, and is the strongest oxidizing agent	85.01 K	organic fluorides are often quite harmless	essential in trace quantities for mammals, including humans, in the form of fluoride (F-)	133 pm for F-		18.9984032 in units of 12C = 12.000	fluorite	328 kJ mol-1 from F to F-	7782-41-4 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1.696 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K	70.9 pm	9	electrolysis of molten KF·2HF		Paris, France	7 including nuclear isomers	250 mg NaF	0.4 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater			712.789 nm for F I	almost everything violently		fluorine 19	F	AlF3 in aluminium production	4.7 × 106 tonnes year-1 for fluorite (CaF2)	[He]2s22p5 in ground state	9		1.80 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.05 p.p.m. in muscle	3.98 Pauling	144.3 K	17
hydrogen	hy-dro-jen	hydrogen 1, deuterium	0.3326 barns	atom	1 to 3	0.46 kJ mol-1	H. Cavendish	0.1815 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K for gas	1766	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	hydro genes = water forming from Greek	0.12 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Warning !		1297 kPa	mainly as water	non-toxic	unknown	water	14.01 K	-0.37390 × 10-12 cm		unknown	30 pm	2S1/2 in ground state		7 kg for a 70 kg average person	almost limitless	I	unclassified oceanic element	20.784 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	120 pm	hidrogeno	13.26 cm3		20.28 K	flammable and explosive when mixed with air; can asphyxiate if it excludes oxygen from lungs	constituent element of DNA. Component of water, essential to life.	154 pm for H-	hydrogene	1.00794 in units of 12C = 12.000	natural methane gas	72.8 kJ mol-1 from H to H-	1333-74-0 for Chemical Abstracts System database	0.08988 for gas at 273 K	78 pm	1	steam flowing over red hot coke produces H2 and CO (minor production mechanism)	-2.50 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for gas	London, England	3	non-toxic	main constituent of water; some dissolved H2 in seawater	idrogeno		1875.10 nm for H I	air explosively	13.96 K at 7.2 kPa	hydrogen 1	H	making ammonia, cyclohexane, methanol, etc.	350 × 109 m3 year-1 as H2 gas	1s1 in ground state	1	Wasserstoff	0.380 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	93000 p.p.m. in muscle	2.20 Pauling	33.35 K
inert gas				noble gas						atmosphere of a planet or asteroid																				atmophile element																																								18
nitrogen	niy-troh-jen		1.91 barns	pnictogen	12 to 18	5.577 kJ mol-1	D. Rutherford	0.02598 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K for gas	1772	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	nitron genes = nitre forming (potassium nitrate) from Greek	0.720 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Safe.		3394 kPa	high		6000 years	nitratine, nitrammite, nitrobarite, nitrocalcite and nitromagnesite	63.29 K	0.936 × 10-12 cm		increasing with depth	70 pm for single bond	4S3/2 in ground state	a = pm	1.8 kg for a 70 kg average person	× 10 tonnes	V	recycled oceanic element	20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	154 pm		12.65 cm3	colourless, odourless gas (N2)	77.4 K	harmless gas, but it could asphyxiate if it excluded oxygen from the lungs	constituent element of DNA and amino acids; nitrogen cycle in nature			14.00674 in units of 12C = 12.000	liquified air	-7 kJ mol-1 from N to N-	7727-37-9 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1.2506 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K	71 pm	7	liquifaction of air	-5.4 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for gas	Edinburgh, Scotland, UK	8 including nuclear isomers	non-toxic as N2 gas but NO2, HCN and NH3 are toxic	p.p.m. in seawater			1246.962 nm for N I	generaly unreactive at normal temperatures		nitrogen 14	N	fertilizers, acids (HNO3), explosives, plastics and dyes	44 × 106 tonnes year-1	[He]2s22p3 in ground state	7		0.916 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	72000 p.p.m. in muscle	3.04 Pauling	126.05 K	15
oxygen	oksi-jen		0.00019 barns	chalcogen	13 to 20	6.82 kJ mol-1	J. Priestley, C.W. Sheele	0.2674 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1774	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	oxy genes = acid forming from Greek	0.444 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Safe, but be aware of possible dangers.		5043 kPa	mainly as water	4800 p.p.m. for 4 hours inhaled ozone (O3)	unknown	oxides, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates also occurs as gas in atmosphere and as water	54.8 K	0.5803 × 10-12 cm		unknown	66 pm for single bond	3P2 in ground state	a = pm	43 kg for a 70 kg average person, mainly as water	1.2 × 1015 tonnes in atmosphere		unclassified oceanic element	21.912 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	140 pm		8.00 cm3 at 54 K	colourless, odourless gas (O2) which is very reactive	90.188 K	O2 within a few percent of its natural concentration in air is harmless, but too little and it cannot sustain life, too much and it can cause pulmonary changes and teratogenic effects and is a fire hazard.	constituent element of DNA and of most other biologically important compounds	132 pm for O2-		15.9994 in units of 12C = 12.000	liquid air	141 kJ mol-1 from O to O-	7782-44-7 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1.429 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K	pm	8		+1.355 × 10-6 kg-1 m3 for gas	Leeds, England and Uppsala, Sweeden	8 including nuclear isomers	non-toxic as O2, but toxic as ozone (O3)	constituent element of water		kJ mol-1	844.676 nm for O I	all other elements except He, Ne, Ar and Kr		oxygen 16	O	steel-making, metal-cutting, the chemical industry and in medical treatment	1 × 108	[He]2s22p4 in ground state	8		1.31 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	160000 p.p.m. in muscle	3.44 Pauling	154.58 K	16

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