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terrestrial planet comparison table

Subject	has rotation period	has oblateness	has effective temperature	has advance of perihelion	has atmospheric pressure	has discoverer	has discovery date	has magnetic field inclination	has temperature of cloud top	has maximum elongation	has precession	has surface gravity 360 cm s-2< sup>	has equatorial radiu	has subsolar point temperature	has atmosphere composition	has rotational period	has mean density	has mean distance from Sun 0.387 AU	has magnetic field strength	has atmosphere pressure	has orbital velocity	has magnetic field offset	has aphelion distance	has radius (1974) 3394 km	has mean orbital velocity	has core temperature	has age	has orbital period	has escape velocity	has obliquity	has distance from Sun	has surface temperature	has sidereal period	has definition	has magnetic field at surface	has temperature	has inclination to the ecliptic	has eccentricity	has surface spectrum	has core density	has core composition	has surface gravity	has mass	has cloud altitude	is an instance of	has ecliptic inclination	has radiu	has perhelion date	has been observ	has mass 6.45 × 1026< sup> g (0.11 MEarth)	has magnetic field in core	has number of satellite	has albedo	has apparent magnitude	has inclination	has motion relative to star	has relativistic advance of perihelion	has polar radiu	has synodic period	has perihelion distance	has mean distance from sun	has mean distance from Sun	has atmosphere density
Earth	23 hours 56 minutes 4.1 seconds		287 K		1.013 × 106 dyn cm-2 (at sea level)						50'.256 per year		6378.17 km		78% N2; 20.9% O2; 0.9% Ar, 0.03% C02 (by volume)		5.517 g cm-3				vorb = 29.78 km s-1		152100000 km			6400 K	4.6 ± 0.1 × 109 years	365.2564 days	Vesc = 11.19 km s-1	23°26'34" (in 1973)				Third planet from the Sun. First forms of life appeared about 3.2 to 3.5 × 109 years ago (Homo sapiens appeared as a species about 105 years ago).	0.5 gauss			e = 0.0167		10 g cm-3		980 cm s-2	5.977 × 1027 g		naked eye planet	i = 0			for many centuries		100 gauss		0.39 (water and land about 0.2; snow and clouds about 0.8)	brighter than 5		epicycloidal	4'.6 per century	6356.9 km		147100000 km in early January		149598500 km	1.3 × 10-3 g cm-3 (at sea level)
Mars		0.0092			3.5 millibars (data from mariner 7)										more than 90% CO2, traces of O2, CO, H2O.	24h37m22s.6	4.0 g cm-3							-has source: Hopkins, J. 1976 Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago Press	24.2 km s-1				5.1 km s-1	23°59'		248 K	687 days	Fourth major planet out from the Sun. Its tiny satellites are locked in synchronous rotation with mars.				e = 0.0934			liquid Ni - Fe	0.38 that of Earth	greater than Pluto's mass and less massive than ten times Jupiter's mass		superior planet				for many centuries			2	0.16	brighter than 5	i = 1°.85	epicycloidal			779.9 days		1.5237 AU
Mercury	58.646 days exactly 2/3 of its orbital period	< 0.001		476" per century				< 10° to the pole		28°		-has source: Hopkins, J. 1976 Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago Press	2446 km	700 K (data from Mariner 10)	He and Ar		5.44 g cm-3	-has source: Hopkins, J. 1976 Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago Press	200-300 gammas (data from Mariner 10)	< 2 × 10-9 millibars (data from Mariner 10)	Vorb 47.9 km s-1	0.47 RM from the core						88 days	Vesc 4.2 km s-1					Innermost planet of the Solar System. Transits of the Sun occur either 7 or 13 years apart - last transit 1973 November 10.				e = 0.206	similar to lunar maria and uplands , probably lunar-like soil of low-density silicates		iron rich		3.15 × 1026 g (0.054 MEarth) (data from Mariner 10)		terrestrial planet								0.06		i = 7°.0		42".6 per century		116 days
Pluto	6d9h17m49s					Clyde Tombaugh	1930														Vorb 4.7 km s-1							248.43 years			39.44 AU			The most distant known planet from the Sun. Its orbit has the highest eccentricity and highest inclination to the ecliptic of any planet and some astronomers suggest that it may be an escaped satellite of Neptune. In the mid-1970s Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit on its way in, and for the rest of this century Pluto will be closer to the Sun than Neptune (Pluto and Neptune, however, are never less than 2.6 AU apart). Its mass and radius have not been determined with any great certainty.		50-60 K	17°.17	0.249					6 × 1026 g, 0.1 to 0.2 MEarth		superior planet		< 2900 km	1989					< 0.25						366.7 days
Venus	243.09 ± 0.5 days				92-95 atm				250 K	48°					90-95% CO2, remainder primarily N2, traces of water vapor, oxygen, HF, HC1 (by volume)		5.16 g cm-3				35 km s-1							224.7 days	Vesc = 10.3 km s-1	3° R		743 ± 8 K (from Venera 8)		Second planet from the Sun. Has retrograde rotation. Mariner 10 has established that the cloud tops rotate every 4 hours retrograde. Radar experiments have established that the surface is somewhat smoother than the Moon, but there are mountains and there is extensive cratering. Last transit of Sun was in 1882; next one will be 2004. Venus's rotation period is in synchronism with Earth - that is, at inferior conjunction the same side is always toward the Earth.				e = 0.0068				8 m s2	4.872 × 1027 g	44 km	naked eye planet		6056 km		for many centuries				0.76	brighter than 5	i = 3°.39	epicycloidal			583.9 days			0.7233 AU

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